For a long time the main entry of commodities into the city was made by the market open field
growers put their products directly for sale. The presence and importance of intermediaries are not defined, but they increased their number and their share of trade in accordance with population size. We can say that, given the small size reached by demand Santa Fe, the marketplace system, even in its most developed, had no replacement in the colonial period.
Initially, the main market was located in the so-called Plaza
Market day in Santa Fe could be reconstructed keenly watching carefully the village markets. Those were days of great excitement and movement in which triples the population of the city
The
By late afternoon there were frequent visitors and often fights organized horse racing betting on major streets. Huge numbers of horses and mules were impassable streets with debris.
A document complains of the dangers that could run with so many beasts in
remains of tubers and garbage everywhere. Street vendors lined the streets with their voices announcing bread, mats, candles and coal. The animation was also used by beggars who, dressed as penitents, uncomfortable with their requests. The acrobats acrobat and people crowded into the corners. The countless clients of street brawls starred chicherĂas and committed all sorts of major and minor attacks against security and safety of citizens.
In the early hours of the morning arrived the growers, because they were forbidden to arrive at night to prevent them from being intercepted by the hucksters (called "middlemen") that used stand in their meeting at night and on the outskirts of the city to buy their products at low prices and then resell them in the city
Outside the marketplace, there were three types of retail outlets serving basic distribution network in the city: the general stores that sold food, merchandise stores, which dispensing a variety of genres, and finally, the chicha, which distributed the evil spirits and they were the places where people came to have fun.
The grocery stores, and vending of food, was a addition to the market places as served as warehouses for small growers. The strategic location that the store owners were somehow allowed to handle the food market and exerted an important role in the daily supply of victuals home. Almost every retail purchase is made on credit. Regulatory authorities in some cases the sale on credit for his often led to a lot of demands by sum of weights. These rudimentary forms of credit were handled in books, of which there are still some intriguing examples show that these small loans were granted primarily based on the good name and reputation of the customers. Let one of 1626:
"Dona Ignacia Paya Misia be 11 reais per count of 4 yards of yellow cloth that led to his goddaughter. More on this day two and a half yards of yellow touches took himself. A half ounce of silk was Jacinta, a brunette (..). Mr. Dr. Obando is on 22 of September 2 and 112 yards of black silk weight and environment. More the two yards that day and 114 blue taffeta plus ten yards ... plus a pair of wool socks ... In other supply products of first need the distribution became a monopoly activity. Such was the case of meat and candles, which were handled by the system known as "tight." The meat was sold in one of three butchers, which was shattered. The retail sale is made directly to the slaughterhouse and was a privilege to
(1746) is held the lease of the premises between Francisco Quevedo, provider, who ran the store, and Francisco de Tordesillas, owner of the premises. The finished candles were sold or counted in units called levers. We think it may indicate a long stick with candles hanging from its own wick, and still in use in certain regions.
During the eighteenth century, especially in the second half, the mechanism of distribution of products within the city became more complex and unwieldy. As in other areas, urban growth in the late colonial administrators would take unsuspecting city of
A reading of these documents can rebuild the main threads of the inner city market for the last third of the eighteenth century. There were four lines of supply for the average consumer in Santa Fe:
1) Retail. Plaza Mayor and San Francisco. Main Market Day: Fridays and Thursdays. The relationship between producer and consumer was direct.
2) The store owners and shopkeepers who, according to his ability, bought directly from producers, organized and acted as intermediaries sold at retail. Your purchase volume was not high and supplied to the customers on days when there was no market.
3) A set of small-scale traders, who held positions in the square and had their own clientele.
4) The major retailers and key players in the wholesale market. They were the "resellers haves" and "upper-class monopoly." as I mentioned in the documents. They were identified as the "most harmful and detrimental to the public "and that caused most common losses to individuals. Focused on the genres that today would be called non-perishable, ie, capable of storing for some time without damage. As explicitly mentioned, it was the cocoa, sugar, rice and flour.
According to the document, the big dealers had developed a particular network, "were deposited in 10 or 12 individuals" who stalked the arrival of the producers had the financial capacity to buy in bulk at lower prices.
In 1787 the procurator in a memorandum denouncing the alarming proliferation of resellers and the consequent shortage of essential items and set out considerations and proposals for improving the power to negotiate with middlemen.
At this time it is clear the proliferation of resellers and their mechanisms, in the eyes of the administration, were the main causes of rising prices. The various indications suggest that retailers went out to find producers to buy in advance and thus manipulate prices and influence the supply volume offered in the marketplace. In this way they could run the food purchased from other places and
this fact that had become commonplace, the authorities banned the producers from entering the city at night and to buy
"They (retailers) are usually vague that people have no office is maintained in this way, as so many do not expect to buy more in the capital but leave the highways and even to neighboring villages. "
proposed these solutions:
1) that resellers can not buy the rightful owners before three in the afternoon of Friday that is already considered supplied to the public ... ". Before this date, the deadline was noon. The measure was intended to allow first be supplied directly by consumers and not take out the portion of food purchased by resellers. The housewives knew and maintained throughout the colony the wise habit to rise early to buy on market day.
2) Do not be sold on Thursday and Friday (days market).
3) that specifically prohibits them out to the highways to intercept the food ..
4) No constable may be dealer ...
5) What are the price point they can sell days allowed.
6) That they are obliged to take the place clean.
7) That the owners to bring the sugar is not sold in bulk to store owners until three days. "
The council did not hesitate to accept all of these recommendations and immediately appointed an alderman for, with the collaboration of the mayors of neighborhood, was enforced and run.
Showing a certain logic, the council realized that, given the size of Santa Fe, if you wanted to regulate the marketing of basic necessities were not sufficient only measures of the police. Therefore began to consider the need to rent a space to establish there a deposit run by municipal authorities and to expend the food to the public. It was what we would call a central supplies mainly oriented to the agricultural market regulation. This idea, of course, was not new. Old and had numerous precedents in other cities not only colonial but even in contemporary Spain and even medieval.
were created in Spain
Unfortunately, this useful and valuable initiative was ultimately not implemented in Santa Fe.
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